The guide pin will do relative motion toward guide bushing during operation, because the gap is a little narrow, if operating for a long time, the lubricating oil will be scraped. The design of oil grooves is to let the lubricating oil stay much longer on the guide pin, so that the oil would not be scraped to the one side.
In addition, machining precision for the oil groove on guide pin is different. Taking the secondary guiding precision as an example, the matching requirement between the sliding guide part and guide bushing is H7/h6, and for the fixed part of guide pin and assemble hole of mold base is H7/s6. The guide pin is divided into two parts by oil grooves, one part is h6, and the other is s6.
Therefore, in order to use guide pin maximumly, the oil grooves are very important.